Operating System

41. In _____ allocation method for disk block allocation in a file system, insertion and deletion of blocks in a file is easy.
File system में disk block allocation की _____ method में file के blocks का insertion और deletion आसान होता है।
(UGC NET C.S. June-2015 (Paper-III))
A. Index
B. Linked
C. Contiguous
D. Bit Map

Correct Answer: B

Explanation (EN): In linked allocation, each block contains a pointer to the next block. So insertion and deletion are easy because only pointers need to be adjusted.

Explanation (HI): Linked allocation में प्रत्येक block अगले block का pointer रखता है। इसलिए insertion और deletion आसान होते हैं क्योंकि केवल pointers को बदलना पड़ता है।

42. ______ rules used to limit the volume of log information that has to be handled and processed in the event of system failure involving the loss of volatile information:
______ नियम system failure की स्थिति में, जब volatile information का loss हो जाए, log information की मात्रा को सीमित करने के लिए उपयोग किए जाते हैं।
(UGC NET C.S. December-2014 (Paper-III))
A. Write-ahead log
B. Check-pointing
C. Log buffer
D. Thomas

Correct Answer: B

Explanation (EN): Checkpointing saves the state of the system at intervals so that, after a failure, recovery can start from the latest checkpoint and less log information needs to be processed.

Explanation (HI): Checkpointing में system की state को समय-समय पर save किया जाता है ताकि failure के बाद recovery latest checkpoint से शुरू हो सके और कम log information process करनी पड़े।

43. K-mean clustering algorithm has clustered the given 8 observations into 3 clusters after Ist iteration as follows: C1 : {(3, 3), (5, 5), (7, 7)} C2 : {(0, 6), (6, 0), (3, 0)} C3 : {(8, 8), (4, 4)} What will be the Manhattan distance for observation (4, 4) from cluster centroid C1 in second iteration?
K-means clustering algorithm ने 8 observations को प्रथम iteration के बाद 3 clusters में बाँटा है: C1 : {(3, 3), (5, 5), (7, 7)} C2 : {(0, 6), (6, 0), (3, 0)} C3 : {(8, 8), (4, 4)}। दूसरे iteration में observation (4, 4) की cluster centroid C1 से Manhattan distance क्या होगी?
(UGC NET C.S. Exam-24 June-2019 (Paper-II))
A. 2
B. 2
C. 0
D. 18

Correct Answer: A

Explanation (EN): The centroid of C1 in the second iteration is (5,5). Manhattan distance from (4,4) to (5,5) is |5-4| + |5-4| = 2.

Explanation (HI): दूसरे iteration में C1 का centroid (5,5) होगा। (4,4) से (5,5) की Manhattan distance |5-4| + |5-4| = 2 है।

44. Which of the following statements is not true about disk-arm scheduling algorithms?
Disk-arm scheduling algorithms के बारे में निम्न में से कौन-सा statement true नहीं है?
(UGC NET C.S. June-2014 (Paper-III))
A. SSTF (shortest seek time first) algorithm increases performance of FCFS.
B. The number of requests for disk service are not influenced by file allocation method.
C. Caching the directories and index blocks in main memory can also help in reducing disk arm movements.
D. SCAN and C-SCAN algorithms are less likely to have a starvation problem.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation (EN): The number of requests for disk service can be influenced by the file allocation method. Hence option (b) is not true.

Explanation (HI): Disk service requests की संख्या file allocation method से प्रभावित हो सकती है। इसलिए option (b) सही नहीं है।

45. Which of the following File operation need not involve any actual I/O (Input/Output) and is also known as 'File Seek'?
निम्न में से कौन-सी file operation actual I/O को involve किए बिना भी हो सकती है और जिसे 'File Seek' भी कहा जाता है?
(DSSSB TGT C.S. 07.02.2024 (Shift-II))
A. Deleting a file
B. Repositioning within a file
C. Reading a file
D. Truncating a file

Correct Answer: B

Explanation (EN): Repositioning within a file changes the current file pointer position and may not require any actual disk I/O. This is known as file seek.

Explanation (HI): File के भीतर repositioning केवल current file pointer की position बदलती है और इसके लिए actual disk I/O आवश्यक नहीं भी हो सकता। इसे file seek कहा जाता है।

46. Which of the following statement is correct for a 'Volume Control block' in File-System Implementation?
File-System Implementation में 'Volume Control Block' के लिए निम्न में से कौन-सा statement सही है?
(DSSSB TGT C.S. 07.02.2024 (Shift-II))
A. It is used to organize the file
B. It has a unique identifier number to allow association with a directory entry
C. It contain the number of block in the partition
D. It can contain information needed by the system to boot an operating system from that volume

Correct Answer: C

Explanation (EN): A Volume Control Block stores metadata about a disk volume or partition, including information such as the number of blocks in the partition.

Explanation (HI): Volume Control Block disk volume या partition के बारे में metadata store करता है, जैसे partition में blocks की संख्या।

47. Which of the following is NOT a file manipulation system call in the Windows operating system?
Windows operating system में निम्न में से कौन-सा file manipulation system call नहीं है?
(DSSSB PGT C.S. (Male) 27.07.2018 (Shift-II))
A. CreateFile()
B. ReadFile()
C. WriteFile()
D. CloseFile()

Correct Answer: D

Explanation (EN): CreateFile(), ReadFile(), and WriteFile() are valid Windows file-related calls. As per the given answer key, CloseFile() is not a file manipulation system call.

Explanation (HI): CreateFile(), ReadFile(), और WriteFile() Windows के valid file-related calls हैं। दिए गए answer key के अनुसार CloseFile() file manipulation system call नहीं है।

48. ______ stores entries about files and their characteristics.
______ files और उनकी characteristics के बारे में entries store करता है।
(DSSSB TGT C.S. 07.08.2021 (Shift-II))
A. File application table
B. File access table
C. Format allocation table
D. File allocation table

Correct Answer: D

Explanation (EN): The File Allocation Table (FAT) stores information about files and their characteristics, helping the operating system locate and manage files.

Explanation (HI): File Allocation Table (FAT) files और उनकी characteristics की information store करता है, जिससे operating system files को locate और manage कर पाता है।

49. What is the file extension for Batch files ?
Batch files का file extension क्या होता है?
(DSSSB TGT C.S. 07.08.2021 (Shift-II))
A. BAT
B. BCH
C. CTH
D. BATCH

Correct Answer: A

Explanation (EN): In Windows, batch files are command scripts executed by the command interpreter, and their standard extension is .BAT.

Explanation (HI): Windows में batch files command scripts होती हैं और उनका standard extension .BAT होता है।

50. ______ is a system to make a file or directory visible in multiple parts of the system's file tree in Linux operator system.
Linux operating system में किसी file या directory को system के file tree के कई स्थानों पर visible बनाने की व्यवस्था को ______ कहा जाता है।
(DSSSB TGT C.S. 01.08.2021 (Shift-I))
A. Directories
B. Special files
C. Links
D. Sockets

Correct Answer: C

Explanation (EN): In Linux, links allow the same file or directory to appear in multiple places in the file tree. These may be hard links or soft links.

Explanation (HI): Linux में links की मदद से एक ही file या directory file tree के कई स्थानों पर दिखाई दे सकती है। ये hard link या soft link हो सकते हैं।