Operating System

11. This begins at the root and follows a path down to the specified file, giving the directory names on the path. This is known as
जो path root से शुरू होकर specified file तक जाता है और बीच के directory names बताता है, उसे क्या कहते हैं?
(KVS PGT C.S. 2013)
A. Absolute path name
B. Relative path name
C. Definite path name
D. Indefinite path name

Correct Answer: A

Explanation (EN): An absolute path starts from the root directory and specifies the full path to a file.

Explanation (HI): Absolute path root directory से शुरू होकर file तक का पूरा path बताता है।

12. Each process is contained in a single section of memory that is contiguous to the section containing the next process is called
जब प्रत्येक process memory के एक single contiguous section में रखा जाता है, तो इसे क्या कहते हैं?
(KVS PGT C.S. 2013)
A. Contiguous memory protection
B. Contiguous memory allocation
C. Contiguous memory relocation
D. Contiguous memory utilization

Correct Answer: B

Explanation (EN): In contiguous memory allocation, each process occupies one contiguous block of memory.

Explanation (HI): Contiguous memory allocation में प्रत्येक process memory के एक contiguous block में रखा जाता है।

13. _____ systems have well defined fixed time constraints on processing of special events.
किस प्रकार के systems में special events की processing के लिए well-defined fixed time constraints होती हैं?
(NVS PGT C.S. 15.12.2022 (Shift-II))
A. Multiprocessor
B. Time sharing
C. Interactive
D. Real time

Correct Answer: D

Explanation (EN): Real-time systems must respond within fixed and well-defined time constraints.

Explanation (HI): Real-time systems को निश्चित और well-defined time constraints के भीतर respond करना होता है।

14. In a monolithic kernel, operating system runs in
Monolithic kernel में operating system किस mode में चलता है?
(KVS PGT C.S. 2013)
A. User mode
B. Supervisor mode
C. User/supervisor mode
D. None of these

Correct Answer: D

Explanation (EN): In a monolithic kernel, the whole operating system runs in kernel mode. Since kernel mode is not listed, the correct option is none of these.

Explanation (HI): Monolithic kernel में पूरा operating system kernel mode में चलता है। क्योंकि kernel mode विकल्पों में नहीं है, इसलिए सही उत्तर none of these है।

15. One scheme for communication between user-thread library and the kernel is known as
User-thread library और kernel के बीच communication की एक scheme क्या कहलाती है?
(KVS PGT C.S. 2013)
A. Lightweight process
B. Upcall handler
C. Scheduler activation
D. Cleanup handler

Correct Answer: C

Explanation (EN): Scheduler activation is a scheme for communication between the user-level thread library and the kernel.

Explanation (HI): Scheduler activation user-level thread library और kernel के बीच communication की एक scheme है।

16. _____ is a sequence of memory read-write operations that are atomic.
Memory की atomic read-write operations के sequence को क्या कहते हैं?
(KVS PGT C.S. 2013)
A. Critical section object
B. Adaptive mutex
C. Turnstile
D. Memory transaction

Correct Answer: D

Explanation (EN): A memory transaction is a sequence of read-write operations that execute atomically.

Explanation (HI): Memory transaction atomic read-write operations का sequence होता है।

17. Which of the following concurrency control protocols ensure(s) both conflict serializability and freedom from deadlock? I. 2-phase locking II. Timestamp ordering
निम्न concurrency control protocols में से कौन conflict serializability और deadlock freedom दोनों सुनिश्चित करता है? I. 2-phase locking II. Timestamp ordering
(LT. Grade C.S. 2018)
A. I only
B. II only
C. Both I and II
D. Neither I nor II

Correct Answer: B

Explanation (EN): Timestamp ordering ensures conflict serializability and avoids deadlock, whereas 2-phase locking may lead to deadlock.

Explanation (HI): Timestamp ordering conflict serializability देता है और deadlock से बचाता है, जबकि 2-phase locking deadlock पैदा कर सकता है।

18. What is a page in paging?
Paging में page क्या होता है?
(BPSC TRE 3.0 Exam-22.07.2024 (11-12))
A. A fixed-size block of virtual memory
B. A fixed-size block of physical memory
C. A type of memory allocation
D. More than one of the above

Correct Answer: A

Explanation (EN): In paging, virtual memory is divided into fixed-size pages.

Explanation (HI): Paging में virtual memory को fixed-size pages में विभाजित किया जाता है।

19. In a system with a page size of 4 KB and a physical address space of 64 GB, what is the number of bits required for the page offset?
यदि page size 4 KB है और physical address space 64 GB है, तो page offset के लिए कितने bits चाहिए?
(BPSC TRE 3.0 Exam-22.07.2024 (11-12))
A. 10 bits
B. 12 bits
C. 14 bits
D. More than one of the above

Correct Answer: B

Explanation (EN): Page offset bits = log2(4 KB) = log2(4096) = 12.

Explanation (HI): Page offset bits = log2(4 KB) = log2(4096) = 12।

20. What is a segment base in segmentation?
Segmentation में segment base क्या होता है?
(BPSC TRE 3.0 Exam-22.07.2024 (11-12))
A. The starting address of a segment in physical memory
B. The starting address of a segment in virtual memory
C. The ending address of a segment in physical memory
D. More than one of the above

Correct Answer: A

Explanation (EN): Segment base is the starting address of a segment in physical memory.

Explanation (HI): Segment base, physical memory में segment का starting address होता है।

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